Below, World History Edu presents some frequently asked questions about Catherine the Great, the Russian empress who reigned from 1762 – 1796:

What was Catherine the Great best known for?

Catherine the Great was the Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796, making her the country’s longest-ruling female leader. She was known for her role in modernizing and expanding the Russian Empire during the 18th century.

Where was she born?

She was born in Stettin, Prussia (now Szczecin, Poland) in 1729.

Was she originally Russian?

No, she was born as Sophia Augusta Fredericka and was of German descent. She adopted the name Catherine upon her conversion to Russian Orthodoxy.

How did she come to power?

She ascended to the throne following a coup that deposed her husband, Peter III. She was proclaimed Empress soon after, while Peter III was killed under mysterious circumstances.

Was she really an “enlightened” ruler?

Catherine saw herself as an enlightened despot and was a patron of the arts and education. She corresponded with several Enlightenment thinkers, although her actual policies sometimes contradicted Enlightenment ideals.

What were her significant achievements?

Catherine expanded the Russian Empire through wars and diplomacy, overhauled the legal code, patronized the arts and literature, and attempted to modernize various aspects of Russian society and government.

How did she handle internal revolts?

The most notable revolt during her reign was Pugachev’s Rebellion. Although it was a significant challenge, she eventually crushed the rebellion.

Did Catherine the Great have any children?

Yes, she had several children. Her son, Paul I, succeeded her as the Emperor of Russia.

How did she die?

Catherine died in 1796 at the age of 67. The exact cause of her death is unknown, though it’s generally believed she died of a stroke.

What is her legacy?

Catherine the Great is remembered as one of Russia’s most influential rulers. Her reign, often termed the “Golden Age of the Russian Empire,” left a lasting impact on Russian culture, territorial boundaries, and international stature.

Is it true she had many lovers?

Yes, throughout her life, Catherine had several relationships and took multiple lovers, some of whom played significant roles in the politics of the time.

What’s the story with Catherine and horses?

A persistent myth suggests Catherine died while attempting to engage in a sexual act with a horse. This is false and likely stems from attempts to tarnish her reputation after her death.