George VI: Life and Major Achievements of the Father of Queen Elizabeth II
George VI ascended the throne in 1936 after his brother, Edward VIII, abdicated to marry Wallis Simpson, a twice-divorced American socialite. In this post, WHE delves deeper in to the life story of this great British ruler.
A 1938 portrait of George VI.
Early Life and Background
Born Albert Frederick Arthur George on December 14, 1895, during Queen Victoria’s reign, the future George VI was the second son of Prince George, Duke of York (later King George V), and Princess Mary, Duchess of York (later Queen Mary). His birth coincided with the anniversary of the death of Prince Albert, his great-grandfather, leading to his naming in Albert’s honor. However, within the family, he was known as “Bertie.”
Albert had a difficult childhood, suffering from ill health, knock knees, and a pronounced stammer, which made public speaking a lifelong challenge. His early education took place under the tutelage of strict nannies, and his upbringing followed the rigid norms of aristocratic families at the time. He was naturally left-handed but was forced to write with his right hand, a practice that contributed to his childhood struggles.
Queen Victoria’s grandsons who ruled Britain, Germany, and Russia
Military Service and Education
Following his education at the Royal Naval College, Osborne, Albert pursued a military career. He served in the Royal Navy during World War I, witnessing combat as a midshipman aboard HMS Collingwood at the Battle of Jutland in 1916. However, persistent health issues, including stomach ulcers and chronic seasickness, limited his service.
In 1919, Albert transferred to the Royal Air Force (RAF) and became the first British royal to qualify as a pilot. Following his military service, he briefly attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history, economics, and civics to prepare for his future responsibilities.
A statue of George VI at Carlton House Terrace in Westminster, London.
Duke of York and Marriage
In 1920, King George V created Albert the Duke of York, a title traditionally granted to the monarch’s second son. He undertook numerous public engagements, focusing on industrial welfare, workers’ rights, and social reform, earning him the nickname “the Industrial Prince.”
His personal life took a significant turn when he met Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, whom he pursued despite her initial reluctance to join the royal family. After two rejected proposals, Elizabeth finally agreed, and they married on April 26, 1923. Their union symbolized a more modern and accessible monarchy. The couple had two daughters: Elizabeth (born 1926), the future Queen Elizabeth II, and Margaret (born 1930).
George VI is remembered as the reluctant king who overcame personal struggles to lead his nation through one of its darkest times. His dedication to duty, fortitude during World War II, and role in shaping the modern Commonwealth helped restore public faith in the monarchy.
The Abdication Crisis and Accession to the Throne
Albert’s elder brother, Edward VIII, ascended the throne in January 1936 but soon created a constitutional crisis by proposing to marry Wallis Simpson, an American divorcée. The British government, supported by the Church of England and the Commonwealth, opposed the marriage, leading Edward to abdicate in December 1936.
As next in line, Albert was unexpectedly thrust onto the throne. He took the regnal name George VI to emphasize continuity with his father’s reign and restore confidence in the monarchy. Overwhelmed by the responsibility, he was known to have wept upon realizing the enormity of his new role.
A photo of Queen Elizabeth II during her coronation.
The Challenge of World War II
When World War II broke out in 1939, George VI became a crucial figure of national unity. He chose to remain in London during the Blitz despite Buckingham Palace being bombed. His visible presence among the public, along with Queen Elizabeth’s resolve, endeared the royal couple to the nation. They visited bombed sites, factories, and military units, boosting morale across Britain.
His weekly meetings with Prime Minister Winston Churchill further strengthened his leadership role. Unlike his predecessor, George VI demonstrated a commitment to his duty and country, solidifying his place as a wartime symbol of resilience.
A photo of Winston Churchill during the early 1940s.
The Dissolution of the British Empire
The post-war years marked significant changes in the British Empire. India and Pakistan gained independence in 1947, leading George VI to relinquish the title of Emperor of India in 1948. Instead, he became the first Head of the Commonwealth, symbolizing a transition from empire to a voluntary association of nations.
Further geopolitical shifts followed, with Ireland officially leaving the Commonwealth in 1949. Though the British Empire continued to decline, George VI’s tenure helped define the evolving relationship between Britain and its former colonies.
Health Decline and Death
Years of stress, coupled with heavy smoking, took a severe toll on George VI’s health. He underwent surgery in 1949 for an arterial blockage and had part of his left lung removed due to cancer in 1951. Despite his declining health, he continued his duties, including sending off his daughter Elizabeth and her husband, Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, on a Commonwealth tour in early 1952.
On February 6, 1952, George VI died in his sleep at Sandringham House from a coronary thrombosis at age 56. His passing marked the end of an era and the beginning of Elizabeth II’s record-breaking reign. His funeral took place at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle, where he was later interred in the King George VI Memorial Chapel.
Frequently Asked Questions about George VI
What challenges did George VI face as king?
He had to restore public confidence in the monarchy, lead Britain through World War II, and oversee the transition of the British Empire into the Commonwealth.
How did George VI contribute during World War II?
He remained in London during the Blitz, visited bombed areas, supported the troops, and became a symbol of British resilience and unity.
What was George VI’s role in the Commonwealth’s formation?
Following India’s independence in 1947, he relinquished the title of Emperor of India and became the first Head of the Commonwealth under the 1949 London Declaration.
How did George VI overcome his speech difficulties?
He worked with speech therapist Lionel Logue to manage his stutter, which was famously depicted in the film The King’s Speech.
What health issues affected George VI?
Years of heavy smoking led to lung cancer, arteriosclerosis, and a fatal coronary thrombosis in 1952, which led to his early death at age 56.
Who succeeded George VI?
His eldest daughter, Elizabeth II, became queen upon his death in 1952, beginning a reign that lasted over 70 years.
How is George VI remembered today?
He is credited with stabilizing the monarchy, strengthening national morale during WWII, and laying the foundation for the modern Commonwealth.
