Sir Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie was a distinguished 14th-century Scottish nobleman and knight, remembered for his valor, strategic acumen, and tragic end. Born around 1290, Alexander was the eldest son of Sir William Ramsay of Dalhousie. His younger brother, Sir William Ramsay of Inverleith, also played a significant role in Scottish history, continuing the family’s legacy of military leadership and service to Scotland.

Early Life and Family

Alexander hailed from the influential Ramsay family of Dalhousie, located near modern-day Edinburgh. This noble lineage positioned him within the framework of Scottish resistance against English dominance during the turbulent Wars of Scottish Independence.

His upbringing likely emphasized chivalry, loyalty, and martial training, preparing him for the challenges of defending his homeland. His younger brother, Sir William Ramsay of Inverleith, would also distinguish himself in later campaigns, notably at the Battle of Nisbet Muir in 1355.

Military Achievements

Alexander’s military career is a testament to his courage and leadership. During the Second War of Scottish Independence, he joined Sir Andrew Murray, Guardian of Scotland, in key battles against English forces.

In 1335, he played a vital role at the Battle of Culblean, a decisive Scottish victory that helped maintain resistance against English occupation. Around the same time, he participated in the defeat and capture of Guy de Namur, a Flemish ally of England, at Boroughmuir.

In addition to these significant battles, Alexander took part in the capture of Leuchars Castle near St Andrews in 1335, showcasing his skills in siege warfare. These early successes cemented his reputation as a capable and loyal commander in Scotland’s fight for independence.

Support of Dunbar Castle

One of Alexander’s most notable acts of heroism occurred in 1338, during the siege of Dunbar Castle by William Montagu, the 1st Earl of Salisbury. The castle was defended by Agnes Randolph, Countess of Dunbar, who became legendary for her defiance. Alexander successfully smuggled supplies to the besieged garrison, ensuring they could withstand the prolonged siege. This daring mission highlighted his ingenuity and willingness to take significant risks for Scotland’s cause.

Participation in a Tournament

During a brief truce in the same year, Alexander participated in a tournament at Berwick. This event allowed knights from both sides to engage in displays of martial skill, serving as a rare moment of respite from the hostilities. Alexander’s involvement in the tournament further underscored his chivalric qualities and reputation as a knight.

The Retaking of Roxburgh Castle

Alexander’s most renowned military feat came on 30 March 1342, when he led a bold night escalade to recapture Roxburgh Castle from the English. The castle, a vital stronghold, had resisted several previous attempts by Sir William Douglas to retake it. Alexander’s successful assault not only reclaimed the castle for Scotland but also demonstrated his tactical brilliance and determination.

Renowned for his bravery, Sir Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie notably defended Roxburgh Castle, earning lasting recognition for his military leadership and loyalty to Scotland’s cause.

As a reward for his achievement, King David II appointed Alexander as Constable of Roxburgh Castle and Sheriff of Teviotdale, positions of considerable authority and prestige. These honors, however, sowed the seeds of his downfall. Sir William Douglas, who had failed in his efforts to capture the castle, resented Alexander’s appointments and viewed him as a rival.

Betrayal and Imprisonment

The animosity between Alexander and Douglas reached a tragic climax on 20 June 1342. While holding court at Hawick as part of his duties as sheriff, Alexander was ambushed by Douglas and his men. They dragged him, bleeding and in chains, to Hermitage Castle, Douglas’s stronghold. There, Alexander was imprisoned in a dungeon, where he suffered a slow and agonizing death.

Legend holds that Alexander survived for seventeen days by consuming grains of wheat that fell through the cracks of the granary floor above his dungeon. His death by starvation was not only a personal tragedy but also a stark reminder of the dangers of internal rivalries within Scotland’s nobility during a time of national struggle.

Legacy

Alexander Ramsay’s death marked the end of a life devoted to Scotland’s independence. Despite the betrayal that led to his demise, his contributions to Scotland’s military efforts left an enduring legacy.

His brother, Sir William Ramsay of Inverleith, succeeded him as head of the Dalhousie family. Sir William later achieved fame for his daring raid around Norham Castle and his leadership at the Battle of Nisbet Muir in 1355, ensuring that the Ramsay name continued to be associated with Scottish resilience and valor.

Alexander’s story is remembered as one of loyalty, bravery, and the tragic consequences of rivalry. His actions during battles, sieges, and critical moments in the Second War of Scottish Independence demonstrate his unwavering commitment to Scotland’s freedom. At the same time, his betrayal and untimely death serve as a poignant reminder of the personal costs borne by those who fought for their nation.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What was Alexander Ramsay’s role in the Battle of Culblean?

Alexander fought alongside Sir Andrew Murray in the Battle of Culblean in 1335, achieving a significant victory against English forces.

How did Alexander contribute to the defense of Dunbar Castle?

In 1338, he smuggled supplies to Agnes Randolph, Countess of Dunbar, enabling her to successfully defend Dunbar Castle during a siege by William Montagu, the Earl of Salisbury.

What was Alexander’s most notable military accomplishment?

His most famous achievement was recapturing Roxburgh Castle from the English on 30 March 1342 through a daring night escalade.

How did King David II reward Alexander Ramsay for retaking Roxburgh Castle?

King David II appointed Alexander as the Constable of Roxburgh Castle and Sheriff of Teviotdale in recognition of his success.

Why did Sir William Douglas resent Alexander Ramsay?

Sir William Douglas was outraged by Alexander’s appointments as constable and sheriff, positions he had unsuccessfully sought, leading to deep animosity.

What led to Alexander Ramsay’s tragic death?

On 20 June 1342, Douglas ambushed Ramsay at Hawick, imprisoned him in Hermitage Castle, and left him to die of starvation in a dungeon.

How did Alexander survive during his imprisonment?

According to legend, Alexander survived for seventeen days by eating grains that fell through cracks in the floor from the granary above.

Who carried on Alexander’s legacy after his death?

His brother, Sir William Ramsay of Inverleith, succeeded him at Dalhousie and gained fame for his military actions, including the Battle of Nisbet Muir in 1355.