In recognition of Archbishop Desmond Tutu‘s relentless efforts to bring an end to apartheid, he was honored with the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984. Furthermore, in 2009, U.S. President Barack Obama presented him with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, which stands as the highest civilian honor in the United States.
Archbishop Desmond Tutu receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom from former U.S. President Barack Obama
What is the Presidential Medal of Freedom?
The Presidential Medal of Freedom, along with the Congressional Gold Medal, is the highest civilian honor in the United States. It is presented by the president of the United States to individuals who have made exceptional contributions to the security or national interests of the country, world peace, cultural advancements, or significant public or private endeavors.
This prestigious award is not limited to U.S. citizens and can be bestowed upon both civilians and military personnel, allowing them to proudly display it on their uniforms. Established in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy, it replaced the Medal of Freedom created by President Harry S. Truman in 1945 to recognize civilian service during World War II.
Read also: 8 Most Important Achievements of John F. Kennedy
While there are no specific criteria for receiving the award with distinction, Executive Order 11085 states that the medal can be awarded in two degrees, with the decision to grant the higher degree entirely at the president’s discretion.
In 2017, President Barack Obama emphasized that receiving the award with distinction signifies an even higher level of honor for individuals already held in the highest regard. As of January 2022, approximately 4% of all recipients, totaling 26 individuals, have been awarded the medal with distinction.
Compared to its predecessor, the Medal of Freedom, the Presidential Medal of Freedom holds the highest rank among civilian decorations in the United States. The Medal of Freedom was previously ranked lower than the Medal for Merit and could be awarded by three different Cabinet secretaries, whereas the President is responsible for awarding both the Medal for Merit and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
