The Sasanian Empire, officially known as Ērānšahr (Middle Persian: 𐭠𐭩𐭥𐭠𐭭𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩), meaning “Empire of the Iranians,” was the last pre-Islamic Persian empire, flourishing from 224 to 651 AD. Established by Ardashir...
Septimius Odaenathus was a transformative leader whose military and political acumen significantly shaped the history of the Roman East. His ability to elevate Palmyra‘s status, defend against formidable Persian threats,...
Valerian, born Publius Licinius Valerianus around 199 AD, ruled as Roman emperor from 253 until spring 260. Summary Emperor Valerian’s reign marked a turning point as he became the first...
Shapur I, also known as Shabuhr I, was a pivotal figure in Iranian history as the second Sasanian King of Kings of Iran. His reign, spanning approximately from 240 to...
